THOUGHTS

Henry Stob

Toward the end of his life Henry Stob felt compelled to write down some thoughts (questions) that he had shared with his students over his 35+ years of teaching. Not all of these THOUGHTS should be construed as his beliefs. The purpose of these THOUGHTS, now as then, is to be a focus of discussion and contemplation.

Please feel free to down load these THOUGHTS using them for their intended purpose of discussion and contemplation. If you feel inclined to show a gesture of appreciation for the use of these THOUGHTS, please make a contribution to the Henry Stob Lecture Fund at Calvin College and Seminary.

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1. While it is true that faith directs understanding, it is
    equally true that understanding is prerequisite to faith.

2. Revelation is dipolar. It comes into existence when a
    word spoken is heard, when a disclosure is apprehended.
    No revelation occurs without the experience of it.

3. Jesus is neither God nor man simpliciter; He is best de-
    scribed as the God-Man, a complex being who came into
    existence in Time.

4. It is false to declare that faith in Christ is justified only
    when tile Bible is received as infallible.

5. For our knowledge of such things as can be perceived by
    the senses we are not dependent upon the Bible.

6. The Bible is best described not as Revelation, but as a
    Witness to revelation,

7. While nature should be viewed in the light of Scripture,
    it is equally true that Scripture should be interpreted in
    the light of our knowledge of nature.

8. Time is a mode of finite existence. God exists beyond
    Time, although He operates within it

9. God draws persons to Himself, not by force, but by per-
    suasion.

10. Although Faith is in some sense a risk, it is not a sheer
      leap into the dark. It is based upon an awareness of a
      daunting yet alluring Presence who evokes response.

11. All of us are descendants of Adam, but not of Noah.

12.  The course of events is not to be regarded as the
      unrolling of a scroll written from the beginning of time
      (or in eternity).

13. God's omnipresence means, not that He fills all space,
      but that there are no spatial barriers to His presence.

14. Eternity is not to be conceived as before Time, but as
      above Time, over-arching it, and in a sense, embracing
      it.

15.  While a given theory of evolution may conflict with
      biblical teachings, the concepts "creation" and
      "evolution" do not stand in an antithetical relation.
      Because they direct the mind to two distinct features of
      finite reality (Origin and Development) they need not
      come into conflict.

16.  It Is the faith of the Christian that in the miraculous
     birth, the atoning death, and the bodily resurrection of the
     man Christ Jesus, in essense one with God, the destiny of
     man and cosmos is ineluctably involved.

17. The mission of the church is to represent on earth the
      reality and promise of Christ's kingdom. In pursuit of
      this end the church reaches out with the Gospel to the
      unsaved, nurtures in the faith those embraced within its
      fellowship, and involves these in a beneficent
      engagement with the world.

18. Although God did create something (Light? Energy?) by
      direct fiat, it is permissible to suppose that other things
      came into being in the course of time through the
      divinely controlled unfolding of increated potentialities.

19. Sin is the root cause of all the evil in the world.

20. God did not, and does not, intend or decree that man
      should sin.

21.  God's permitting, or even causing, human suffering is
      not in conflict with His absolute Goodness.

22. For both God and man, hate of persons is morally illicit.

23. For man to be totally depraved he must retain many nat-
      ural excellencies.

24. God loves all human beings with an agapic love, but this
      love can be, and is, spurned by some.

25. Election to salvation in Christ is best understood not as
      an eternal divine "selection of some" to the exclusion of
      others, but as the profession of Christians that they have
      been saved by the grace of an initiating God.

26. That "Grace is irresistible" is not a factual statement
      about the nature of grace, but the profession of each
      Christian that in his case lie could not but succumb to
      the blandishments of God.

27.  To say that man is "totally depraved" is not to say that
      he is without a moral sense or without increated
      excellencies, but that he is oriented at the center of his
      being to ends other than his true end.

 28.  Christ's atonement is limited not in the sense that he
     died only for some, but that through human perversity it
     is not effectual in all.

29. It is not the Bible, but the Word of God, that is infalli-
      ble, and that Word can be discovered through the careful
      and prayerful study of a Scripture which contains errant,
      irrelevant, and superseded passages.

30. The heart of the Gospel is that God was in Christ recon-
      ciling the world unto himself.

31. When God created man in His image He put Himself at
      risk and exposed himself to opposition.

32.  Man was introduced to the notion of Evil not when he
     ate of the tree, but when he was told that such eating was
     forbidden.

33. That God knows the number of hairs on our head is not
      a factual statement, but an epigrammatic way of saying
      that we can keep no secrets from God.

34. He who is forgiven but does not accept forgiveness re-
      mains unforgiven.

35. It is not by God's will, but in His presence, that sparrows
      fall to the ground.

36. Abortions may be performed only after moral considera-
      tion and for due cause.

37.  A fertilized egg, simply as such, is not a veritable
     person.  It is not even a potential human being until it is
     attached to the uterine wall.

 38.  One may assume that all human beings who die in
      infancy are alive in Christ.

39. The implicative knowledge attained in mathematics and
      formal logic is improperly called "belief."

40. God does not pre-determine all that occurs in the course
      of time.

41. God's sovereignty may be thought of as His ability to
      move with certainty through the free choices of men to-
      wards the fulfillment of His purposes.

42. Christianity asserts, not that all those are lost who have
      not confessed the Christ, but that if anyone is saved it is
      by virtue of Christ's atoning work.

43. Hell is neither a creation of God nor a place in space, but
      the condition of those (if such there be) who unto the
      end have persisted in their opposition to or their flight
      from God.

44.  The Male-Headship principle should be abandoned in
      home, church, and society in favor of universal gender
      equality.

45. By God's Immutability we mean the stability of His na-
      ture and the unswerving direction of His will, not His in-
      ability to make ad hoc decisions, or to adjust to changing
      circumstances.

46. Rightly to understand the human situation three cate-
      gories are to be employed: Nature, Sin, and Grace (Cre-
      ation, Fall, and Redemption).

47. In the Incarnation, the Second Person of the Trinity did
      not "change" into a man, but "took human-ness upon
      himself" and thus "became" both God and Man in indis-
      soluble union.

48. The doctrine of "Verbal Inspiration" is unacceptable if it
      means that each and every word in the Bible was chosen
      by the Holy Spirit or received His direct imprimatur.

49. The view that Christ builds His church primarily along
      covenant lines, gathering it from believers and their chil-
      dren, lacks warrant and inhibits the work of missions.

50.  He who denies the possibility of miracles denies the
      Lordship of God over the work of His hands.

51. Miracles are not to be understood as violations of perma-
      nently established "natural laws," but as variations in the
      way God ceaselessly works in the world.

52. It is not likely that all the feats of strength and ingenuity
      ascribed to Samson actually occurred.

53. One may affirm that God is "Triune" only if one can
      give some intelligible account of what, in this instance,
      is meant by "Three in One."

54. The confession we make that God is "single and simple"
      does not permit us to posit within the Godhead three
      distinct centers of consciousness.

55. It is permissible to regard the "dust" from which God
      made man as "organic material," and to think of the
      "breath of life" that He breathed into man's nostrils as
      effecting "God Consciousness.

56. That God inscribed with His fingers the Ten Command-
      ments on tablets of stone is not to be taken as a straight-
      forward factual statement.

57.  The Athanasian Creed errs when it declares that
      everyone who does not "keep it whole and undefiled
      shall without doubt perish everlastingly."

58. If God is a "suffering" God attentive to our daily cries,
      laments, and sorrows, can His life be one of "perfect
      bliss"?

59. There is in God an erotic love as well as an agapic love.

60. A theological model which places God at the center of
      the world is as legitimate as one that places Him above
      the world

61.  While government is for the people, and preferably by
      the people, it is not from the people.

62.  The psycho-somatic Unity espoused by Vollenhoven
      and Dooyeweerd reflects the teaching of Aristotle.

63. It is untrue that facts are inseparable from the interpre-
      tation put upon them

64.  Not all that occurs in the physical world can be
     accounted for in terms of intra-cosmic forces.

65. The whole of Ethics is situational in the sense that no
      proper moral judgment can be made when circumstances
      are ignored.

66. The Just War Theory does not claim that certain wars
      are "just," but that they are "justifiable."

67. Although the Bible itself should be taken as it is, a doc-
      trine about the Bible may well need revision.

68. Neither Determinism nor Indeterminism is true; Freedom
      is always linked to Destiny.

69.  It is only Ontological Reason, not Technical Reason,
      that has been significantly affected by Sin.

70. Untended and uncontrolled nature threatens civilization
      and culture.

71. The existence of Physical Science is one of many indica-
      tions that man transcends nature.

72. The God who reveals Himself is also the Deus Abscon-
      ditus, the hidden God, whose being and ways are past
      finding out.

73.  The creation of the world is an expression of God's
     agapic love, a manifestation of His will to impart gifts to
     others, and to provide them a share in the fellowship of
     the Holy Trinity.

74. The Bible nowhere ascribes Self-Love to God.

75. Theocentrism is false if it is taken to mean that God is
      wholly turned in upon Himself, and does not exist pro
      nobis.
 
76. What to some may appear to be Calvin's undue orien-
      tation to Old Testament motifs is in fact his Christocen-
      trism, his conviction that it is the whole of Scripture was
      Christum treibet.

77. The "Rhythm Method" sponsored by the Roman Church
      is not in accord with its view that sexual intercourse is
      for generative purposes only.

78. The Christian doctrine of Divine Providence asserts that
      the world is governed by a loving Creator, whose
      concern for the establishment of a Kingdom of Life
      never suffers abatement, and whose determination to
      effect it cannot be thwarted.  It does not assert that all
      that occurs in the world is in accordance with the intent
      and purpose of God's rule.

79. The Church, though formed by Grace, rests on the fact
      that man is by nature a social being inclined toward Fel-
      lowship.

80. Grace does not destroy Nature, but perfects it.

81. Whatever the Incarnation did effect, it did not effect the
      humanization of God or the deification of Man.

82.  The doctrine that asserts "The Perseverance of the
      Saints" does not preclude "apostasy"; it expresses the
      faith of a Christian that God's preserving power will not
      fail him.

83. At least some truths are relational: That Christ died for
      me is true if I believe it, false if I don't.

84. Only he who has transcended the world can live Chris-
      tianly in it

85.  Not all happenings, but only culture-forming
      happenings, become grist for the historian's mill.

86. That God is "glorified in the death of sinners" means not
      that God takes pleasure in their death, but that in the
      overcoming of those who oppose Him his divine
      sovereignty is disclosed and vindicated.

87. It is not the literal turning of the cheek that Christ com-
      mands, but the development of a peaceful and non-
      retaliatory disposition.

88.  To take the measure of a man, one should observe
      whether or not he dots his i's and crosses his t's.

89. Although God is an Individual, He is not a Whole em-
      bracing all that exists, nor a Unit bordered and defined
      by another; He is the All in the realm of the Divine, and
      an unconfined and ubiquitous Presence in the realm of
      creation.

90. Through the testimony of the Holy Spirit within, a word
      from the Bible can become for man the very Word of
      God.

91. Christian Monotheism declares that only the God of the
      Bible is God; it makes no overt declaration concerning
      the numerical character of God.

92. It is unwarranted to declare that Masturbation is evil per se.

93. It should be acknowledged that there are some who are
      constitutionally pre-disposed toward homosexuality.

94. It is morally permissible, under some circumstances, to
      speak contrary to fact: some "lies" are White

95. Sunday, the Lord's Day, is best spent in an assessment
      of one's behavior during the preceeding week, and in an
      endeavour, through prayer and worship, to re-establish
      and re-invigorate one's Christian discipleship.

96. An Ethicist should avoid the "Ideal World Fallacy," and
      seek to determine, not what ideally would be the right
      thing to do, but what, in a broken world, and under pre-
      vailing circumstances, is the best thing to do.

97. Capital Punishment is permissible, but not mandatory,
      and should only in rare instances be exercised.

98. Although "Christian Education" does not necessarily re-
      quire "Christian Schools," the nurture of covenant chil-
      dren is best advanced when home and school join forces.

99. Since some things exist, Something (or Someone) must
      always have been in existence, for from Nothing nothing
      can come.

100. God did not create the world at some time, for Time is
        itself a creation.

101.  The Bible reflects both the science and the social
        patterns of its era, and in these respects it is not
        normative for us.  It is the Bible's "Weltanschauung"
        not its "Weltbild" or its "Gesellschaftsauffassung," that
        needs adopting.

102. That Ordination conveys Grace, and enables the Ordi-
        nand to impart Grace, is a Roman Catholic idea, and
        should have no place in Reformed Church Polity.

103.  There are biblical Psalms some portions of which a
        Christian cannot in good conscience sing.

104. It is not to be believed that the real Samuel made an
        actual appearance in response to the Witch of Endor's
        necromancy.

105. Since there is only one God, and since He alone is self-
        existent, all else that exists was called forth by His
        power out of nothing.

106.  God's omnipotence enables him, not to do every
        conceivable thing, but to do whatever He wills to do.

107. To achieve "excellence" is not the same as to "excel."

108.  Although Sin is disruptive, it can operate only within
       and through the stable structure of creation.  To exist at
       all, Evil requires the Good, and conflict requires order.

109.  Man is neither divorced from Nature, nor immersed in
        it.  In relation to Nature lie is both Immanent and
        Transcendent.

110. Unlike a "sign," which remains external, a "symbol"
        participates in what it symbolizes.

111.  In a Christian College, Academic Freedom should be
       confined within the parameters of the school's
       constitution.

112.  A Republic, in which people are governed by chosen
       Representatives, is better than a Democracy, in which
       things are settled by Plebiscites.

113.  The Apologetics question is: How shall we sing the
        Lord's song in a foreign land?

114.  To flee God is to leave the Rock of Defense and
        stumble upon the Rock of Offense.

115. Conscience serves as a brake upon proposed or contem-
        plated action, but is no true guide to positive action.

116. That the Son is begotten of the Father indicates that the
        Sort is of the same nature as the Father, but it does not
        indicate that the Son is equal to the Father, or eternally
        co-existent with Him.

117.  The End toward which history moves is not a
       Terminus,
       but a Goal.

118. What Is is finally determinative of what Ought to Be.

119.  Problems are solved by further inquiry; Puzzles are
       dispelled by clarification of what is already known;
       Mysteries remain mysteries even when disclosed.

120. The Christian life recapitulates the Christ events.  It is
        by dying to oneself, rising with Christ into newness of
        life, and ascending to God in prayer, that a Christian is
        able to go into the world with saving power.

121. The "God Question" is not whether God exists, but how
        He is to be conceived and responded to.

122. Central to Faith is not assent to church dogma, but
        Trust in the person Christ Jesus.

123. Although the Antithesis is to be recognized, it is not to
        be embraced, since it is that which the Gospel is out to
        destroy.

124. Philosophy inquires, not about the whole of the world,
        but about the world as a Whole.

125. None but the most naive of worshippers believes that
        an Idol is a God.  To most the Idol represents a god, or
        is inhabited by one.

126. No society can endure without an accepted code of
        Morals, Manners, and Procedures.

127. That God is a Jealous God means, not that He desires
        what others have, but that He is vigilant in maintaining
        His unique status, and unable and unwilling to share
        with others His sole and exclusive Divinity.

128. What centrally characterizes Humanness is man 's
        awareness of and responsiveness to God.

129. Just as Man, the rational animal, transcends the beast,
        so Christ, the divine man, transcends the merely
        human.

130. Historical Christianity arose at the confluence of two
        streams - the Greek and the Hebrew - in both of which
        the light-shedding Divine Word was active in
        preparation for the Final Disclosure.

131. Since the Christian Faith rests upon an historical figure,
        and upon actual historical occurrences, it is vulnerable
        to historical criticism, and open in principle to
        refutation by historical evidence.

132. The acceptability of a philosophy rests upon its
        explanatory efficacy, upon its ability to illumine and
        integrate human experience, and to lay bare the
        structure of reality.

133. Although the Church is blessed with a Mighty
        Presence, and has been made a witness of Saving Truth,
        its membership is composed not of the Upright, but of
        the Forgiven; not of the Perfected, but of those in
        training for Discipleship.

134. One fasts properly not out of disdain for the body, but
        out of concern for the soul

135. It is Religion that engenders and sustains Morals. With
        the decline of religion morals collapse.

136. It is not the case that love to God is fulfilled in love to
        neighbor; the love commandment moves one in both a
        vertical and horizontal direction.

137. Religious faith and the faith that underlies the scientific
        enterprise are two very different things.

138. We may distinguish between the Sacred and the
        Profane, but not divorce the two.

139. One's theory of Atonement hinges on one's conception
        of Sin.

140. Our profession that the Bible is perspicuous is in
        tension with our demand for an educated clergy.

141. Not scientific Certainty, but religious Assurance, lies at
        the heart of Christian Faith.

142. The presence of Sin is sometimes psychologically
        determined; one who does what one considers sinful,
        sins, even though what was done conformed to the
        Law.

143. The Westminster Confession errs when it declares that
        "God from all eternity, did, by the most wise and holy
        counsel of His own will, freely, and unchangeably
        ordain whatsoever comes to pass."

144. That the Father delivered Christ into the hands of
        sinners, who freely and willingly put Him to death, is
        true; but this is not to say that the Father planned,
        decreed, ordained, and orchestrated the crucifixion of
        His Son.

145. One acts immorally when, without due cause, one acts
        contrary to the group Mores.

146. Sola Scriptura was enunciated to counter the claim
        that Tradition had the same authority as the Bible. The
        phrase should not be used to deny that God reveals
        Himself in Nature, History, and Conscience, nor to
        deny that sound biblical interpretation takes place
        within an historic community of faith and against the
        backdrop of a shared tradition.

147. Although faith in Christ does not consist in assent to
        certain propositions, it does not exist apart from such
        assent.

148. Since Hell is depicted in the Bible as either a fiery
        furnace or a bottom-less pit, Sin is best conceived as
        either a hostile ascent to the Holy One, ablaze with
        glory, or a flight from Him into outer darkness.

149. It is not Self-Centeredness that marks the presence of
        Sin in man. At bottom no sinner considers himself of
        central importance, or the object of ultimate concern;
        his inexpungible sense of divinity, his inescapable
        religiousity, compels him to bow at some point to
        something or someone recognizably greater than
        himself.

150. The Testimonium Spiritus Sancti. The Holy Spirit
        does not testify to Christians that just these books
        constitute the Canonical Scriptures' nor that every word
        in them has His imprimatur, but He does testify that
        God speaks to us through them, and that in Christ, God
        has acted for us.

151. The Protestant is less a Protester than a Pro-Testant,
        one who stands For or Witnesses to something.

152. Under the conditions of our existence it is Un-Christian
        to propose the creation of a Christian State.

153. The Devil can be a devil only in so far as he retains the
        image of God.

154. The Heidelberg Catechism misinterprets the Second
        Commandment, and does a disservice to Christian Art,
        when it declares that "God ... may not be visibly
        portrayed in any way.
 
155. Life after death is based, not on the supposed indestruc-
        tibility of soul-substance, but on the Resurrection of
        Christ.

156. Suicide is possible, but self-annihilation is not.

157. In the Christian's love for God and Man both Eros and
        Agape come into play.

158. While their Sin drives men towards social alienation
        and disruption, their Finitude draws them toward social
        complementation, cohesion, and cooperation

159. Not all sinful and immoral acts should be made into
        criminal offenses.

160. What is entailed by the confession that the Bible is in-
        spired is to be determined, not from a consideration of
        the Spirit's perfections, but from an empirical study of
        the composite biblical text.

161. Although God's ways are not our ways, I find it
        impossible to ascribe to God what I find detestable in
        myself.

162. One may endorse the separation of Church and State,
        but not that of Religion and Politics

163. As technology develops it is well to remember that
        "can" does not imply "may"

164. Because Divine Revelation is always mediate, God
        cannot disclose Himself as He Is.

165. Although Mysteries are beyond comprehension, they
        can, when contemplated, operate heuristically, and
        advance understanding.

166. Every Ethic is defective which fails to recognize the
        force exerted upon morals by the principle of Natural
        Law.

167. The task of Apologetics is not to demonstrate the Faith,
        but to stand upon it and set forth its explanatory
        efficacy.

168. It is strange, but true, that it is amidst pain, sorrow, and
        danger, that God is most frequently sought and found.

169. The traditional Ordo Salutis tends to obscure the fact
        that the distinguishable elements that go into the mak-
        ing of a Christian are not separate and successive, but
        simultaneous and co-joined.  By grace-induced faith
        one is joined to Christ, in and through whom one is at
        once regenerated, justified, brought to conversion, and
        set on the path of sanctification.

170. It is incontrovertible that those who do not profess the
        Christ perform deeds that are in a significant sense
        "good."

171. The aim of Missions is to falsify the claim that certain
        persons now living will suffer the torments of Hell.

172. That Paul is the chief of sinners is factually false, but,
        in his mouth, religiously apt.

173. Although God can make a Man out of an Animal, an
        Animal cannot bring forth a Man.

174. While justifiably employing the categories of Sin and
        Grace, traditional Reformed Theology has not given
        due weight to Nature and the stable structures of
        Creation, and has, in consequence, denied to Reason its
        true role in shaping thought and practice.

175. To deny the historicity of the Fall of man or angel is to
        impugn the Goodness of God, and to weave Evil into
        the very fabric of creation.

176. Underlying the Antithesis, and making conflict
        possible, is the shared nature which Christian and Non-
        Christian have in common.
 
177.  The course of Nature is predictable since it rests on
        inner necessities; the course of History is unpredictable
        since it is largely shaped by the free actions of men.

178. Pacifism suffers from a lack of love for those whose
        life and liberty are threatened by hostile forces.

179. Love is strung between the poles of Faith and Hope.

180. One may be tempted to act in accordance with an inner
        inclination toward some evil, or be tempted to embrace
        some evil repugnant to the inner self.  Jesus was
        tempted only in the latter way.

181. Sinners may be tempted to act in accordance with their
        sinful inclinations, but they do not act sinfully until
        they yield to the temptation.

182. If Space is defined as that which lies between two
        objects, there is, of course, no space beyond the outer
        limits of the physical universe.  It is in this non-space
        that the One Only God is said to "reside."

183. Beauty is not merely in the eye of the beholder; it Is
        embodied and disclosed in an Object of sight or sound,
        the incorporated features of which arouse and satisfy
        one's aesthetic sensibilities.

184. To fear the Lord is not to "be afraid" of Him, but to
        stand in awe of His majesty and be disposed to do His
        bidding.

185. Because of God there is for Man no Privacy in this or
        any world.

186. To say that it is Unreasoned is not to say that it is Irra-
        tional.

187. Morality may at some time require us to act illegally.

188. One should always speak the truth, but the truth need
        not always be spoken.

189. We are saved neither by works, nor without them.

190. The cross of Christ is at once God's greatest gift and the
        world's greatest crime.

191. Amidst the ruins of the Corpus Christianum the Corpus
        Christi stands secure.

192. It is a gross misreading of man's existential
        predicament to regard as pathological his sense of guilt
        and shame.

193. No full-bodied Theology can be elaborated without the
        use of categories and insights developed in Philosophy
        and the various Sciences.

194. It is not the case that God can work in the world only
        through human agency.

195. It is impossible to see ourselves as others see us.

196. The Unity of the church is not to be purchased at the
        price of its Fidelity.

197. Since Logos includes both Ratio and Verbum, it is
        likely that an inadequacy in Expression betrays a lack
        of clarity in Thought.

198. Not what is said, but what is meant, is the issue in
        biblical interpretation.

199. A man in flight from God does not pray, for to pray is
        to draw near to God.

200. Every Worldview is achieved within a perspective
        chosen by the observer.

201. Facts function as legal tender in the realm of the Mind.

202. To propose a scientific explanation for the appearance
        of Bethlehem's Star is to misconstrue the event and to
        obscure its religious significance.

203. Knowledge is not only for utility; it is also for
        satisfaction and enrichment.

204. There are no things too great and marvelous for men to
        inquire into.  There is no point at which human
        curiosity ought to be arrested.

205. God's redemptive disclosures of Himself in the course
        of Israel's history culminates in Jesus Christ, the focal
        point not only of Heilsgeschichte but also of History in
        general.

206. "The Lord does not let the righteous go hungry" trans-
        lates into "The church will care for its own."

207. He who trusts in the Lord will walk through the midst
        of the sea upon dry ground.

208. The atheistic Existentialist is mistaken.  It is not the cir-
        cumambient Void that fills him with Angst and
        Despair, but the awesome Presence of One who, to the
        alienated and hostile, cannot but appear as a Threat.
 
209. What centrally characterizes Divinity is Holiness.

210. For the understanding and interpretation of the Bible no
        special or unique Hermeneutics is required.

211. The processes of Nature are cyclical, but History does
        not repeat itself.

212. God instructs us in Nature and in History, and
        Theology can ill afford to ignore such instruction.

213. The reality of the external world is evidenced by the
        limitations it places on the operation of human wills.

214. It is upon certain tenets found exclusively in
        Christianity that modern science is built.

215. Rights are generated by Duties.

216. A true Leader is both with the people and in advance
        of them.

217. Although people are, on account of sin, undeserving of
        salvation, they are, by virtue of creation, intrinsically
        salvageable.

218. He who celebrates his growth in humility proclaims
        the absence of it.

219. Generally speaking, what the Greeks called "Virtues"
        are a-moral; they can be put into the service of rival
        Kingdoms, and directed towards evil as well as good
        ends.

220. The decisive factor in our thought-life is not our
        exercise of reason, but rather what we take and trust as
        significant for reason, what first premise we allow to
        govern our reason, what definitive apriori controls our
        reason.

221. A natural or formal science can be "Christian" or "non-
        Christian" only in so far as, within it, decisions have to
        be made on matters of philosophical import.

222. It is not by Nature, but by accident, that we are
        sinners.

223. Change is intelligible only when viewed against the
        background of stable structures.

224. Theology employs concepts, categories, reasonings,
        and assumptions open to philosophical scrutiny and
        appraisal.

225. Because Nature is a dynamic process, it is less a "book"
        to be read than a "discourse" to be heard.

226. The "laws of nature" that we formulate are nothing but
        our transcripts of God's "customary ways" of acting in
        the world.  They are not prior to, but after, God; they
        record His habits

227. One becomes like the god one worships (Ps.115:8)

228. On matters of ultimate concern no thinking is "unpreju-
        diced"; it is governed by the thinker's basic loyalties.

229. Since the Cosmos is a creation, everything in it is
        contingent, and nothing within it can account for its
        existence, order, meaning, or purpose.

230. Both the Idealist and the Materialist speak truly, for
        both Mind and Matter are real; yet they both speak
        falsely, for Mind does not derive from Matter, nor
        Matter from Mind.

231.  The distinction between Philosophy and Theology
        fades when these disciplines are Christianly pursued.

232. God can be truly known only when He is loved and
        obeyed.

233. Eros, or Desire, is universal in humankind, for it is
        grounded in an essential Finitude in need of
        complementation and support.

234. Since God is genderless, neither the feminine cause,
        nor true religion, is advanced by thinking of God as a
        woman.

235. To advance the feminine cause we need not rewrite the
        Bible.  We need only to learn that God transcends the
        distinction between male and female, and that He is im-
        partial in his dealings with men and women.

236. For the Christian, Gratitude is the dominant Motive
        for living a life of moral rectitude.

237. When it comes to counting, weighing, and measuring,
        Christians and non-Christians are, or should be, in ag-
        greement.

238. Being is real, but of two sorts: Necessary and
        Contingent "Being" is therefore not to be taken as a
        univocal term embracing both Creator and Creature.

239. The extra-biblical conviction that God exists is best ar-
        rived at and sustained, not by logical inference from
        empirical givens, nor by the analysis and clarification
        of terms, but by direct non-inferential awareness.

240. The Christian thinker, though open to paradoxes, can
        embrace contradictions only by abandoning Reason,
        and waiving Sanity.

241. The Christian is confident that whatever has been re-
        vealed by God will not, and cannot, be in conflict with
        that which has been discovered by man.

242. When theologians speak of God, the terms they use are
        meant to be taken analogically.

243. Prayer is not to be confused with Meditation. Medita-
        tion is a withdrawal into oneself; Prayer is an address
        to Another.

244. Among the central affirmations of the Christian Faith
        are these:

    (a) God exists, is real. He is an infinitely good, wise, and
          powerful personal being, who, lifted above the world
          in true transcendence, is yet always and everywhere
          present to it in grace and judgment.

    (b) God created the world, not out of himself, and not
          out of some co-existing matter, but out of nothing.

     (c) Man was created in God's image, is in unbreakable
          touch with God, and was made to be --- in free re-
          sponsibility --- a member of that enduring fellowship
          of love and justice called The Kingdom, a kingdom
          which God is historically bringing into being, and of
          which the Christian Church is the earnest and sym-
          bol.
 
    (d) The human race --- contrary to God's --- will fell from
          rectitude into the power of Sin, with the result that
          man, while retaining his humanness, came to exist in
          alienation from God, self, and neighbor.

    (e) God, from the very moment that man fell, out of
          pity for man's isolation and brokenness, reached out
          to restore him to self-integration, social cohesion, and
          divine kinship.

     (f) God's nature and purposes are fully revealed in Jesus
          Christ, not only or even primarily in his words, but
          especially in his person and deeds, and particularly
          in his death and resurrection.

    (g) Those who believe in Christ, trusting him for their
          salvation, are in principle New Creatures, made privy
          to the meaning of existence, empowered for self-
          mastery, commissioned for social service, and
          destined --- in the economy of grace --- to enjoy
          forever, and in God's presence, the Eternal Life in
          which they already now participate.

245. Underlying the authentic practice of Prayer is the man-
        ifold belief that God exists, that God can hear or take
        notice, and that God can help.  It is because God is a
        Person --- a centered Self --- that he can be addressed at
        all.

246. God is such a one as will not let Himself be unknown
        to any man.  He allows men to repress their
        consciousness of Him, and He allows them to
        misconceive Him, but He does not allow them to be
        ignorant of Him.

247. God approaches men not only through the misty
        corridors of Nature, where His entrance into mind can
        be barred by inattention and penultimate
        preoccupations; He enters men 's minds directly by
        registering His claims upon a conscience which,
        though it can be seared, can never be silenced.

248. When one chooses to follow Christ, a perspective of the
        world is opened up which brings the whole of reality in
        support of the choice.

249. History will be fulfilled, not from within, but through
        an incursion from above

250. The Jew is saved, not by the God of Abraham, but by
        the Father of Jesus.

251. The Kingdom of God --- God's rule over persons and
        peoples --- existed from the beginning of time, but it
        did not come with saving power until Christ appeared.

252. Faith is a many faceted thing.  Believing that
        something is the case is riot the same as believing in
        something or someone.

253. It is not by scientific observation, but by spiritual
        discernment, that one finds God's fingerprints on
        everything His hands have made.

254. Idols appear when in the broken and fragmented mind
        of fallen man God is refracted into the likeness of a
        creature.

255. Empirical givens acquire meaning only when rationally
        construed, which means that Information becomes
        knowledge only through Formation.

256. It is unwarranted to conceive of the Divine Trinity as a
        society of constituent selves. The one God we confess
        is in His Unity a centered Self, a concrete Individual.
        From within the singleness and simplicity of his nature
        there shines forth, however, a complex tri-dimensional
        Personality.

257. Seeking is more arduous than Finding.

258. Although I do not deny that Angels and Demons exist,
        I do not recall ever having been engaged by any of
        them, and I have not consciously shaped my life and
        thought with reference to them.

259. The Will by which we are set upon a fixed End is not to
        be confused with the Volition by which we make
        adventitious choices.

260. The Past is made Present in Memory, the Future in
        Expectation or, perchance, in Foreknowledge.

261. The Stone that sealed the Grave, and blocked the way
        to Life, has once and for all been rolled away.

262. When Jesus died He entered the New Age, and when
        He arose He neither left it, nor failed to provide
        evidence of its amazing reality.

263. Prayer is less a way to move God into compliance with
        our wishes than a way to receive the gift.  He freely
        offers --- communion with Himself.

264. Man is free; he can under ordinary circumstances do
        whatever he wills to do.  But the Will is not free; it is
        bound by man's nature, which is what it is by sin or by
        grace.

265. The created world is not self-sustaining, but utterly
        contingent.  Called forth out of Nothing and hovering
        over the brink of Nothingness, it requires for its
        continuance the Preserving Grace of God.
 
266. God moves with infinite resourcefulness around the
        obstacles human agents place upon His path and so
        over-rules all Evil that, so far from frustrating His
        ultimate design, it is woven into the divine web, and
        made serviceable to the establishment of the Kingdom.

267. Although the Plan of God is fixed upon a determinate
        goal, it is flexible in the arrangements of its parts, and
        so loosely woven as to accommodate arid domicile the
        adventitious Prayers of petitioning saints.

268. God can and does perform miracles, but He is also
        concerned to preserve the stability of the Natural
        Order.  The thoughtful and sensitive Christian will
        therefore hesitate to pray that the ascent of a hill be
        made as facile as the descent, that a fractured bone be
        knit in an instant, that water be made to flow upward,
        that a plane which has lost its wings be kept cozily
        aloft, and other such things.

269. It is better to think of Man theomorphically than to
        think of God anthromorphically.

270. Although it is Religion that undergirds Morality, it is
        Morality that refines religious conceptions, institutions,
        and practices.

271. It is because God is Triune that the Incarnation does
        not cancel Transcendence.
 
272. Although Christianity as an historical magnitude is in
        flux, its theme --- "God in Christ for Sinners" --- is
        fixed forever.

273. A human Individual is not an isolated atom, but a
        unique Center in a web of particular relationships.
 
274. The theologian who does not remain in intimate touch
        with the teeming life of Church and World makes over-
        tures to a barren scholasticism, and the Preacher who
        neglects the discipline of theology gives hostages to a
        vacuous psychologism.

275. Although Jesus is in history, He is not wholly of
        history.  There is that in Him which transcends the
        temporal.

276. It is unwarranted to set against the authority of the
        Bible the authority of our spiritual intuitions and
        religious experiences.

277. The walls that surround the Church should have gates
        that swing outward as well as inward.

278. Christian Missions are possible because God, in His
        Common Grace and General Revelation, has been
        beforehand with the people to whom the Gospel is
        addressed.

279. There is no one of whom it can be said that he is
        entirely --- and finally --- forsaken of God.

280. The Prophets are characterized not so much by the fact
        that they spoke, as by the fact that they were spoken to.

281. The External Law becomes meaningful and effective
        when it is transformed into an Inner Witness.

282. The Kingdom of God is at the center of Christ's mis-
        sion.  His appearance was the harbinger of its coming.
        His teaching was a setting forth of its rules.  His life
        was a display of its spirit.  His death was the seal of its
        establishment.  His resurrection was the sign of its
        triumph.
 
283. That all men possess the idea of God, and acknowledge
        that the good is to be preferred to the bad, is owing not
        to a process of Discovery, but to an act of Revelation.

284. The God of Plato is an Impersonal Ideal; the God of
        Jacob is a creative and redeeming Spirit

285. In the context of religion "moral evil" is "Sin."

286. That Christ died is a fact, historically attested and ver-
        ifiable.  That He died for our sins is not given with the
        event, or open to observation; it can only be believed.

287. Christ's Resurrection encompassed more than the
        survival of abiding elements in the human Jesus; it
        brought forth Life in a radically new mode of existence.

288. What has happened cannot be undone, for Time cannot
        be rolled back.

289. In most instances the wisest path to follow is that of
        Moderation.

290. We are called to love even those we do not like.

291. Since they facilitate social intercourse the prevailing
        Customs should not lightly be put aside.

292. That we shall drink wine with Christ in His Father's
        Kingdom (Matt 26:29) gives to the Blessed Future an
        earthly cast.

293. Both the Law and the Gospel invoke in man a sense of
        Obligation.

294. An Atom is a mathematical impossibility.

295. Freedom from is in the interest of Freedom for.

296. To treat two persons equally it may be necessary to
        deal with them unequally.

297. It is not so much Happiness as Contentment that
        characterizes the life of the Christian.

298. To get married is not quite the same as to be wedded
        by church or state.

299. Whoever receives Christ as Savior must acknowledge
        Him as Lord.

300. What can be tempered with Mercy is the
        Administration of Justice, not Justice itself.

301. Change can occur only in that which in some sense re-
        mains the same.

302. Possibilities do not exist in any "actual realm"; they
        possess an ideal being in the Mind of God.

303. When the being of any subject is denied, what is
        denied is not its essence but only its existence.

304. A church that neglects Catechesis will soon have no
        spine.

305. Although the Ethnic Religions are false, man's capacity
        for religion and the impulse to religious expression is
        divinely caused.

306. The issues of life and death can be decided only with
        reference to that which happened in Judaea in the first
        century A.D.

307. Of nothing can we say: "It is no good".
 
308. Greek philosophy appraising Greek religion is simply
        the human spirit engaging in self-appraisal.

309. Faith is grace-induced human Receptivity to divine
        revelation.

310. While the Thomist insulates Philosophy against the de-
        liverances of Faith, the Calvinist integrates the two.

311. Officials are too often Officious.

312. In a broken world, where old age is attended by many
        maladies, death is a blessing.

313. Intelligence is not the same as Wisdom.

314. The Utopia that once was will one day be restored and
        enhanced.

315. The evil that infects the world cannot destroy the
        cosmic order or rob created beings of their value.
 
316. He who draws Near unto God must respect the
        Distance that separates him from God.

317. Where Christian service is required Purity should be
        prepared to risk Contamination.

318. Time modifies all human institutions and makes them
        candidates for reconstruction.

319. What is Holy is meant to touch and sanctify what is
        Profane.

320. Love brooks no subversion of the Good, no violation of
        the Right.
 
321. The bane of Church life is an Ecclesiola in Ecclesia, an
        assembly of the "like-minded," organized into a party,
        and making use of power-techniques to achieve a
        spurious hegemony.

322. The maintenance of a Liturgical Tradition tends to
        stabilize the church's faith and witness.

323. Although there is only One God, the word "god" is
        used to name whatever one takes as an object of
        ultimate concern, or whatever one venerates and
        worships with religious devotion.

324. The Son of God is said to have been generated
        eternally out of the substance of the Father.  Is the Son,
        then, to be regarded as an Emanation from, or a
        Prolongation of the Father, or perhaps as none other
        than God's Self Objectification?

325. Self-Affirmation is in the interest of Self-Sacrifice.
 
326. St. Paul's "Let every person be subject to the govern-
        ing authorities" (Rom. 13:1) enlists the Christian
        against Anarchy, but not against Revolution.

327. The call to minister in Christ's name goes out to every
        believer, and in the exercise of discipleship no office
        held or vocation followed is more sacred than another.

328. Whatever is not God was called into being by God.

329. Before God dispenses Pardons He purchases them.

330. It is principally in the divine-human encounter that a
        person's identity is disclosed.

331. The winds of the Spirit blow at God's bidding, but to be
        moved by them we must hoist our sails.

332. Although Religion can please God, it cannot appease
        Him.

333. Dykes and Levees are no match for Raging Waters.

334. Cultural developments may open our eyes to aspects of
        the truth not previously discerned, but the Christian
        faith may not be tailored to fit the culture that evoked
        the new awareness.

335. Self-Acceptance is attained when one accepts Divine
       acceptance.

336. Imperatives rest upon Indicatives.

337. Freedom does not release a man; it engages him.

338. In exercising Birth Control human beings distinguish
        themselves from animals.

339. One may assume that before The Fall big fish ate little
        fish.

340. Authentic Religion is the centered response of the
        whole self to the Divine disclosure.

341. God loves us as we are so that we may be other than we
        are.

342. Since there is a Record stored in Memory of our every
        thought and word and deed, there is no Forgetting:
        there is only a relative absence of Recall.

343. It is evident that the Bible not infrequently conveys its
        Message in Mythical form.
 
344. The Church has come into existence, not to
        accommodate itself to the World, but to lay the world
        under judgment and entice it into repentance and
        conversion.

345. God is the great Unavoidable, whom no way can
        circumvent, whom no maneuver can evade, whom no
        flight can elude.

346. In the human will to Peace God himself is active.

347. Christianity is distinguished from all mystical religions
        by its steady appeal to an historic figure of the past.  It
        proclaims that in a single individual --- Jesus Christ ---
        a final and authoritative disclosure is made of the
        nature, will, and purpose of the One Only God.

348. The Horizon recedes as we advance.

349. Did Chalcedon perhaps err when it equated the Bibli-
        cal Image "Son of God" with the Metaphysical
        Concept "Very God"?

350. Of the origin of Evil the Bible gives no account.  In the
        Genesis story its existence is presupposed; the Serpent
        simply appears upon the scene.

351. Those who turn their backs on God can get neither
        Truth nor Goodness in focus.

352. A Theology grows, not by adding something to the
        Word once and for all delivered, but by coming to that
        Word with new questions, and hearing it give answers
        which we had not heard before because we had not
        previously put the questions.

353. One cannot fall when grounded.
 
354. A Church which defines itself negatively in opposition
        to the World, rather than positively in affinity to Christ,
        will be victimized by the World it negatively honors.

355. We are Animists when we get angry with a shoe-string
        that wont untie.

356. The concern for Doctrinal soundness and Moral recti-
        tude must not be allowed to lure us into monastic
        retreat where, through excessive preoccupation with
        ourselves, we become introspective, myopic, and
        domesticated, and thus unable to venture out with poise
        into a sinful world that needs nothing so much as the
        service of Christian hands and hearts.

357. To demean Another is to diminish Oneself.

358. Although a man may be held accountable for his
        opinions, he may not be reduced to them.

359. Those who are only half-right are wrong.

360. Authentic Christian Theology is not to be thought of or
        proposed as a deductive system derived by logical
        inference from some governing principle, but as a
        theoretical restatement of the correlated Scriptural
        givens in their fullness and with their paradoxes and
        mysteries left intact.

361. Christian Love is meant to be spent entire upon all we
        meet upon the way.

362. Dogmatism is the habit of regarding as closed what is
        open-ended.
 
363. The God of Scripture is a God of double aspect.  He is
        both attractive and forbidding.  One face enchants and
        captivates, the other evokes terror and consternation.
        Yet the two are not in balance.  God's grace outshines
        his judgments.  His love is in the foreground; his wrath
        is in the shadows.  God is essentially and primarily the
        Savior; He is only accidentally and derivatively the
        Destroyer.

364. Nothing that exists is self-caused.

365. The Church should not set up extra-biblical rules that
        deny mature persons access to the secular world, for
        grace is there as well as sin, and the gifts of grace are
        waiting to be thankfully accepted no less than the
        effects of sin are awaiting expiation and removal.

366. A person achieves Self-Identity when he insinuates
        himself into a community, a history, a tradition, an
        encompassing whole.

367. The World being what it is, the healing ministry of the
        Church cannot dispense with surgery, and the peace the
        Church envisions cannot be established without
        wearing down the stubborn will in ways which do not
        always please the object of its solicitude and care.

368. The only Leader a Christian can follow in the deepest
        things of life is the one who travels with him in the
        Way.

369. Evil is no more than adjectival, modifying while never
        becoming part of the substance of the world.
        Essentially parasitic, it never appears in isolation, but
        always in conjunction with some Good, upon which it
        feeds, and without which it would simply cease to be.
 
370. Although Love is long-suffering and kind, it has in it a
        flaming jealousy, which brooks no profanation of the
        holy, no subversion of the good, no violation of the
        right.

371. The presence arid operation of Common Grace keeps
        the world from being burdened with the extremist
        outworkings of man's radical perversity; it enables
        society to establish a tolerably just order in which men
        of every faith can live their common life; and it
        preserves that solidarity of mankind which makes
        possible the association of Christian and non-Christian
        in all sorts of cultural enterprises.

372. The World as God's Creation, is well and permanently
        structured and thus never beyond salvaging.

373. While encouraging periodical critical reappraisals of its
        theological fomulations, the Church can give no
        comfort to those who in their effort to make the bitter
        medicine of the Gospel palatable to the taste of sinful
        men dilute it to the point where it soothes without
        restoring.

374. In Christian perspective the Moral Imperative rests
        upon the Evangelical Indicative.

375. Love precludes all assaults upon men with a view to
        their destruction, or with intent to hurt or damage their
        true humanity.

376. While discouraging all merely mystical flights to
        spiritual ivory towers, authentic Christianity imposes
        upon its adherents the obligation to sometimes turn
        away from the World in order in solitude to face God
        in acts of pure devotion.
 
377. Happiness eludes those whose life is spent in its
        pursuit.

378. While the gates of the Church must always be open on
        the side of the World, they must never be open to the
        World in such a way that through the intrusion of a
        debilitating worldliness the Church loses all power to
        exert upon the World the redemptive influence it was
        appointed to exercise.

379. To be Finite is to be positioned between Being and
        non-Being.

380. The rule that we should not try to excel, but to attain
        excellence, does not hold in the realm of competitive
        sports.  Here a carefully structured adversary relation is
        set up, and rule-regulated rivalry is playfully enacted.
        Under these conditions one should seize every
        advantage, give the opponent no quarter, and strive to
        come in first.

381. Education is the process, not of informing, but of
        forming students, of patterning them according to the
        structure of reality, of imprinting on them the face of
        being.

382. We sometimes fail to fit the word to the idea.  With
        inept language we falsify the truth.  Through the
        employment of ill-chosen words we corrupt good
        notions.

383. One may object to Natural Theology when it is
        defined as "a theology based on human reason apart
        from revelation," but there is no cause to reject Natural
        Theology when it is defined as "a theology which sets
        forth what is revealed about God in Nature."

384. God's love casts out our fears.

385. At day's end there is one day less in which to do what
        needs doing.

386. The essence of Justice is the right ordering of social
        relationships.

387. Brought into being by God's Spirit within the womb of
       Mary was One who, born of a woman, was truly human,
       yet One who, born of the Spirit, was in the likeness of
       God, and celebrated as God's only begotten Son.

388. The moral behavior of human beings is significantly in-
        fluenced by the community in which they are
        imbedded, and by the social history which is their
        heritage and, in a sense, their destiny.  Yet, because
        they reside on a vertical as well as on a horizontal plane
        of existence, they are able through the exercise of their
        God-oriented freedom to transcend the social matrix.

389. In Christian perspective true Personhood is attainable
        only in and through a conscious and affirmative
        relation to God.

390. What a well-regulated society seeks to secure is that
        delicate adjustment of Freedom and Order which will
        prevent the rise of both Anarchy and Tyranny.

391. God is called "good," not because He conforms to some
        standard outside Himself, but because He is Goodness
        itself, the source and guarantor of all good.

392. Since man is an agent as well as a patient, it is
        important to distinguish between the Causes of and the
        Reasons for human behavior.  Besides the physical
        there is in man a Rational Will which can be engaged
        by a transcendent Good, attachment to which evokes
        behavior inexplicable in terms of natural stimuli.

393. Among humankind only the Individual is truly
        personal; no group or society is this.

394. Life is not sacred.  Neither life nor health is of ultimate
        value.  One may have to sacrifice both in the interest of
        being good.

395. Conscience naturally apprehends the distinction
        between good and evil, is charged with an innate sense
        of obligation, and ineluctably makes judgments of
        approval and disapproval.

396. Love is that which always, and in every circumstance,
        ought to be done.

397. The virtuous man, in pursuit of his duty, may
        sometimes be required both to cause and to suffer pain.

398. Every obligation demands ultimate validation, there be-
        ing no genuine "ought" that does riot need the whole
        universe to back it.

399. A Principle that does not issue into Practice is empty;
        a Practice that does not flow from Principle is blind.

400. Truth and Goodness are inseparable, and our view of
        the one determines our view of the other.

401. God is not an Object that is searched out, but a Subject
        who invades.

402. God proclaims His will to His children less as
        imperious demands than as gracious prescriptions for
        enjoying His fellowship.

403. When it comes to religious and spiritual matters, the
        path to knowledge leads through the valley of
        obedience.

404. Christian doctrines can be recommended as true only
        as they can be presented as practically efficacious.

405. A distinction should be made between God in His Be-
        ing and God in His Act, between the God who inhabits
        eternity and the God who has entered into a covenant
        with man in time, between the God who in His aseity is
        wholly independent of the world and the God who,
        having created the world, is ineluctably involved with
        it and ceaselessly concerned about it.
 
406.  Having become a slave of God, the Calvinist has lost
        the capacity to act slavishly toward any man

407. The Christian Church is made up of people who were
        social before they en